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The fight was about a small issue, so small that the poet could not even remember. They kept arguing over the issue. The fight, which started on a minor note, turned out to be a big clash at the end. Both of them said that each one of them is right. They blamed each other for the issue.

1. Draw up a list of the different festivals celebrate in your locality. Which of these celebrations are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?

The festivals celebrated by members of different regional and religious communities include Holi, Diwali, Dushera, Rakshabandhan, Chrismtas, Id-ul-Zuha, Lohri, etc.

1. What are Prejudices?

Village people are, in everyone’s opinion, supposed to be ignorant and superstitious while city people are supposed to be greedy, lazy and money-minded. These opinions create negative impression in a human’s sub-conscious mind and are called Prejudices.

1. What is Universal Adult Franchise (UAF)?

In a democratic country like India, adult citizens, irrespective of their religion, caste, education, status, gender, race, colour or place, have the right to vote. This is called Universal Adult Franchise.

The shepherd lived in Iran and was very poor. He had never been to a school and was uneducated. But he was very wise. He helped people in their sorrows and troubles. People used to take his advice. He became famous for his wisdom and friendly nature.

1. What is agriculture?

The primary activity that involves cultivation of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock is called agriculture.

1. The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Development in medical science has caused decrease in death rate, so the world population has grown very rapidly.

1. What is a public activity?

An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by the government. This includes schools, hospitals, telephone services, etc. People can demand these services and also raise questions about their non-functioning.

1. Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to many disputes or conflicts?

We need the government to find solutions to several disputes and conflicts because it is trusted to adopt an impartial role and impart justice which is the prime duty of the government.

The meadow offers several surprises to the one who has an eager eye to look at the meadow. Walking on the soft velvety grass, the sound of the brook, a butterfly sipping nectar from the flowers, all such sights give immense pleasure. These sights are no less than the nature’s surprise gift.

1. What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by government departments?

An MLA is responsible for the welfare of his people. He raises issued in the Assembly so that solution too the problem facing the masses can be taken. Government departments make and implements make and implement the solution.

1. Define natural resources.

Resources that are drawn from nature and used without much modification are called natural resources.

1. What is the main objective of village Panchayat?

The main objective of village Panchayat is to improve the conditions of the villagers and to make them self-sufficient.

1. What is "Khasra Record"?

Khasra record consists of a plot wise description of ownership, area, classification, share of ownership and the status there of. It identifies which plot of land is owned by whom.

This is a melodrama written by Douglas James. In a very lucid, interesting and humorous way, he presents two characters of the same built. The playwright, Douglas James, sustains interest, arouses curiosity and maintains the suspense till the end. It is a sensational one-act play with a happy ending.

1. “And no one buys a ball back. Money is external”. What does the poet imply by this expression?

Through this expression the poet implies that a lost ball cannot be bought back even with money. Money can only be used to buy valuable things but not to restore or compensate for a thing that is lost.

‘The Road Not Taken’ is one of the finest poems by Robert Frost. This poem has a deep meaning. It deals with the problem of making a right choice. Many times in our life we face alternative choices.

This eight-line poem is about the death of a loved one. The poet is grieved and troubled. But he realises the reality of life after her death. He feels a great peace. He is contented as the passing of time will no longer affect her.

Most of us think that snakes are always poisonous. They are fearsome and symbol of death. The poet does not find all the snakes fearsome and poisonous. He finds beauty in them. In this poem, the poet describes how a snake tries to escape from a stroke. He wishes that the snake does not get hurt and reaches his destination safely.

Santosh Yadav is the only woman in the world to have conquered Mount Everest twice. Born in a small village in Haryana, she was the sixth child in a family with five sons. Though her name ‘Santosh’ stood for contentment but she was never satisfied with her place in a traditional way of life.

It is not easy to kill a deep-rooted tree. It takes much time to kill it. A tree is too strong to be killed by a simple attack of a knife. It has grown slowly consuming the earth, feeding upon its crust, absorbing years of sunlight. The strength it has stored through a long period of hard work and patience, cannot be destroyed in one go.

1. What is vernacular?

Vernacular is a term generally used to refer to a local language or dialect as distinct from what is seen as the standard language.

It has been less than a month living in Rajpur when Ranji discovers a pool. The summer was at its extreme and Ranji’s school hadn’t opened yet. He didn’t have any friends either. While wandering all by himself in the weather, he discovered the pool in the forest. On the day when Ranji discovered the pool, it was extremely hot and Ranji’s brown feet turned chalky with dust.

1. Describe the Child Marriage Restraint Act.

According to the Child Marriage Restraint Act passed in 1929, no man below the age of 18 and woman below the age of 16 could marry.

There are many kinds of people in the village. They speak many languages. Some pray in a temple and some in a mosque. The people went mad, burning temples and mosques. They fought with one another.

This chapter introduces numbers, their different types, and their uses in everyday life.

This chapter builds upon the concepts introduced in the previous chapter and delves deeper into the properties and operations of whole numbers.

This chapter introduces various concepts and strategies related to numbers and their properties.

This chapter introduces basic concepts and terms related to geometry.

We have many ways of thinking of other people as different from us. They may belong to different countries or religions, follow a different lifestyle and speak a different language. But the poet reminds us of the many ways in which we are all the same for we are all humans.

There is a shed at the bottom of the poet’s garden and the poet wishes to visit it one day. There is a spider’s web on the door of the shed and its hinges are rusty and creak when the wind blows.

This poem is a legend of an old lady who angered Saint Peter because of her greed. The story goes like this. Long long ago, there lived an old lady in Northland. She was very selfish and greedy.

The poem dreams of escaping the busy streets of London. He remembers Innisfree as a perfect little island that would supply all his needs. This poem explores his longing for the peace and tranquillity of Innisfree where he spent a lot of time as a boy.

At night, there are dark clouds that cover the sky. It rains gently and the poet lies on his cosy bed listening to the patter of soft rain on the roof. He enjoys sound, the melody of nature.

The first part deals with the account of Simmons, An American Indian, who fought against the prejudices of the society against American Indians.

The story is of a young boy when he was in fifth standard at a government school in Kambelpur, now called Atak. On one day, he was carrying four rupees in his pocket to pay his school fees.

"The Seven Ages" is a poem by William Shakespeare that presents a metaphorical journey through the different stages of human life. It describes life as a series of seven distinct ages, each with its own characteristics and experiences. The poem emphasizes the fleeting nature of time and the inevitable progression of life from infancy to old age.

Framton Nuttel had a nervous breakdown. He migrates to the rural spaces in order to seek some relief. His sister, however, was sceptical that his problem might get worse as he would hardly get to meet anyone in the rural spaces and lose it completely. She, therefore, gives him letters of introduction to meet people whom she considered quite nice and who could keep good company to Nuttel.

‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’ is a fourteen line poem or a sonnet in which the poet expresses his view that the nature is always inspiring a poet to compose poetry through its various aspects. For Keats, seasons may change, but nature would never cease to inspire the poets and sing its songs.

The boy loves to wake up to see the summer mornings. The sound of the birds singing and the huntsman’s horn are both pleasant. It seemed to him as if the skylark was singing with him. All of this was such a sweet company to him.

The poem opens with a conversation between the duck and the kangaroo. The duck admires the kangaroo for the way it hops. The duck feels bored of his life in the pond. The duck, therefore, requests the kangaroo to give it a ride on his back. The duck also promises that it would not say anything except “quack.” The duck wanted to see the entire world.

The poem foregrounds the most important message of the poet, of which he was a champion himself, freedom. The poem opens with a man seeking work, but desires to keep his freedom.

The poet travels to an imaginary place, called Lyonnesse. He shares details his journey and the impact it had upon him in this poem, the draft of which was found immediately after his return from the parish where he had gone to supervise the restoration of a church.

There was a cricket that sang and danced all through the pleasant months of summer and spring. However, when the winter arrived, he became desperate and began to complain.

The poem is a description of a villainous character, Macavity, a criminal who is so skilled in committing crime, that no one can ever find him. For whenever they reach the crime scene, he's not there.

The poem is written from the perspective of a person who is observing the city from above, seeing it seated in a jet plane. As he ascends the heights in the sky, he is able to understand the real meaning of geography.

The Great Stone Face was a work of nature, formed by several rocks piled one upon another. From a distance, however, it looked like a human face. If the onlooker came too near, he would lose sight of the outline of the face. Whereas from a distance the face was very clear.

Jody expresses his sympathies for the fawn that has just lost its mother. He seeks his father’s permission to raise the fawn. Jody’s father, Penny, is put in a fix, as the mother of the fawn was killed in order to save Penny.

For the author, Firdaus Kanga, Cambridge contained the essence of England. The place became something entirely different, but more meaningful by the time he left, for he had then become acquainted with Stephen Hawking.

The Earth India Company was extending its power in the 18th century. The rivalry between the Indian princes and their short sightedness gave a chance to the English merchants and the company to get successful in their ventures.